Unlike quick breads that suffer from overmixing, yeast breads depend on your manipulation of the dough for their structure. When you knead the dough, the gluten in the flour forms a weblike network that traps the gases emitted by the yeast. Without adequate kneading, your bread won’t be as chewy, and it won’t rise properly. If you have a bread machine, the machine takes care of all of the kneading for you. Otherwise, you can knead the dough in a stand mixer or by hand.
Before you begin kneading your dough, you need some idea of what the end result should look and feel like. Because much of the bread-making process depends on variables — the type of flour you use, the strength of your yeast, the humidity level in your kitchen — no one recipe can tell you exactly how much flour and water to use or how long to knead your dough. These are factors that you will learn from experience. Ideally, after you knead your dough, it will be elastic and pliable. The surface of the dough should be smooth, yet slightly sticky.
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